《暗度陈仓》出处、故事、英文翻译、注释

5.暗度陈仓①

àn dù chén cāng

①陈仓：古县名，在今陕西省宝鸡市东，是通向汉中的交通要道。

【出处】《三十六计》第八计：示之以动，利其静而有主，益动而巽^[1]。《史记·高祖本记》卷八：“八月，汉王用韩信之计，从故道还，袭雍王章邯。邯迎击汉陈仓，雍兵败……”

【成语故事】秦朝末年，统治十分残暴，民众纷纷起来反对秦朝的统治。刘邦的军队首先进入关中，下一步准备攻进秦朝的首都咸阳。而势力强大的项羽也紧随着进入了关中，他想逼迫刘邦退出关中。在后来的一次鸿门宴上，刘邦差点死在项羽手里。侥幸脱险后，刘邦只得率领军队撤退，改而驻守在汉中这个地方。为了麻痹项羽，刘邦在撤退时，故意将汉中通往关中的栈道全部烧毁，以表示他不会再返回关中。其实，退守后的刘邦一天也没忘记要打败项羽这件事，他发誓，一定要争夺天下。到了公元前206年，已经逐步强大起来的刘邦派大将军韩信出兵东征。出征之前，韩信派了许多士兵去修复已被烧毁的栈道，摆出要从原路杀回关中的架势。项羽的关中守军知道这个消息后，马上派人密切监视栈道的修复进展情况，并派主力军队在这条路线的各个重要关口加紧防范，以阻挡汉军的进攻。韩信的这个办法果然吸引了敌军的注意，成功地把敌军主力引诱到了栈道这条线上。这时，韩信立即派大军绕道到陈仓这个地方，对敌军发动突然袭击，一举打败了对手，为刘邦统一中原迈出了决定性的一步。

【寓意】该成语原意是指不加掩饰地公开做某事，以吸引对手的注意力，从而方便从事某个实际要展开的行动而不被发觉，以达到迷惑对手的目的。常常用来喻指通过正面活动来迷惑对手，而暗地里展开其他活动，以达到出奇制胜的目的。

暗度陈仓
A Disguised Action for Confusing the Enemy

5.A Disguised Action for Confusing the Enemy

【Idiomatic Story】 During the last years of the Qin Dynasty，uprisings continuously broke out against the corrupt administration and cruelty of the government.At that time，LIU Bang and XIANG Yu were two leaders of the powerful force of the uprisings.LIU Bang led his troops occupied Guanzhong precedingly，and he also prepared to launch an attack onto Xianyang，the capital of the Qin Dynasty.XIANG Yu with his men came to Guanzhong succedently，and he wanted to drive Liu Bang away from Guanzhong.

One day，LIU Bang was invited to attend a banquet held by XIANG Yu，which was called Hongmen Banquet^[2]in history.During the banquet，XIANG Yu wanted to find a chance to kill LIU Bang.And fortunately，LIU Bang escaped from the dangerous situation at last.

After the banquet，LIU Bang had to retreat to Hanzhong based on the analysis of the situation.But LIU Bang never gave up the plan to defeat XIANG Yu completely and unite the nation.In order to puzzle XIANG Yu，LIU Bang purposefully burned down the only plank road along the cliffs between Hanzhong and Guanzhong to show that he would never return to Guanzhong.

In 206 BC，LIU Bang had become more powerful，so he decided to send HAN Xin to lead troops for an eastward expedition.Before the expedition，HAN Xin ordered his soldiers to repair the burnt plank road.It seemed they intended to recapture Guanzhong.When the garrison troops in Guanzhong got the news，they kept a close watch on the process of the plank road repair action，and they also arranged massive force to take strict precautions against the enemy at all the pivotal passes.

As expected，HAN Xin found his strategic plan had successfully misled the enemy to the plank road.So HAN Xin ordered his troops to bypass Chencang and launch a sudden attack.At last，the enemy suffered a crushing defeat.It was a resounding victory which helped LIU Bang take a significant step to unite the nation.

【Implied Meaning】It originally means to do something openly to attract the attention of the enemy or opponent for a secret action.It is often used to refer to the unveiled action covering up a sudden and stealthy attack by puzzling or confusing the enemy or opponent.

【注释】

[1]巽：中国易经八卦之一，代表风，此处是快速袭击的意思。

[2]Hongmen Banquet：a Banquet for LIU Bang held by XIANG Yu intentionally to kill LIU Bang.It is so called in history due to the place for holding the Banquet was named as Hongmen.